Antibacterial Activity of Extract 96% Purple Leaf Graptophyllum pictum and Stingless Bee Honey Ointment Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

The use of conventional antibiotics is often ineffective as bacteria can form biofilms that complicate treatment. Research on alternative therapies using natural materials with antibacterial activity is increasingly developing. One promising natural material is purple leaf extract Graptophyllum pictum (L.). This plant has been traditionally used in Southeast Asian medicine and contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids that function as antibacterial agents. Additionally, stingless bee honey possesses antibacterial properties due to compounds like hydrogen peroxide, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. This study investigated the effectiveness of ointments containing Graptophyllum pictum (L.) extract and stingless bee honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three ointment formulas were tested for inhibition zone diameter: F1 with 23.42 mm inhibition (high concentration), F2 with 14.10 mm inhibition (medium concentration), and F3 with 13.12 mm inhibition (low concentration). Results showed that formula F1 had the greatest inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa, followed by F2 and F3. Higher concentration formulas demonstrated stronger antibacterial potential. These results indicate that the combination of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) extract and stingless bee honey particularly at higher concentrations has potential as an effective antibacterial agent for preventing wound infections.